What device is intended to protect from the effects of arc faults?

The device specifically designed to protect against the effects of arc faults is the Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI). An AFCI monitors electrical circuits for the presence of dangerous arc faults, which can occur when there is a breakdown in the insulation of conductors, leading to unintended discharges of electricity. These arcing situations can generate high levels of heat, presenting a significant fire risk.

The AFCI works by detecting the unique characteristics of an arc signature in the electrical current and disconnecting the circuit immediately to prevent potential fire hazards. This makes the AFCI valuable for enhancing electrical safety, especially in living areas where electrical fires are more likely to occur.

Other devices listed serve different purposes. For instance, the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is designed to protect against ground faults, which are unintentional electrical paths to ground, primarily used in wet environments. Surge protectors mitigate voltage spikes, protecting equipment from transient overvoltage. A breaker panel is an assembly that houses circuit breakers and manages the electrical distribution but does not specifically provide protection against arc faults.